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Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of plasticizers (e.g., DOTP) and surfactants.
- Industrial Use: Employed as a solvent in coatings, paints, and adhesives.
- Consumer Products: Found in some cleaning agents and industrial solvents.
Where is 2EH Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the aldol condensation of butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation.
- Consumer Products: Found in plasticizers, coatings, and cleaning solutions.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Food Industry: Used as a food additive (e.g., vinegar) for acidity regulation and flavoring.
Employed in pickling and food preservation. - Chemical Industry: Used as a precursor in the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), cellulose acetate, and acetic anhydride.
- Household Use: Found in cleaning solutions and disinfectants for removing mineral deposits and grime.
Where is Acetic Acid Found?
- Natural Sources: Produced naturally by bacteria during the fermentation of sugars (e.g., in vinegar production).
- Industrial Production: Produced synthetically through the carbonylation of methanol or the oxidation of acetaldehyde.
- Consumer Products: Found in vinegar, cleaning solutions, and food products.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a monomer in the production of acrylic polymers and superabsorbent polymers (e.g., in diapers).
- Industrial Use: Employed in the manufacture of adhesives, coatings, and paints.
- Consumer Products: Found in personal care products like diapers, feminine hygiene products, and cosmetics.
Where is Acrylic Acid Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the oxidation of propylene or the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile.
- Consumer Products: Found in adhesives, coatings, and absorbent products.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a monomer in the production of nylon 6,6 and other polyamides.
- Industrial Use: Employed in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, and polyurethane resins.
- Food Industry: Used as a food additive (e.g., acidulant) in small amounts.
Where is Adipic Acid Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexane.
- Consumer Products: Found in nylon products, plasticizers, and food additives.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of surfactants, lubricants, and corrosion inhibitors.
- Industrial Use: Employed in gas treatment processes to remove CO2 and H2S.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in some personal care products as a pH adjuster or emulsifier.
Where is AEEA Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by reacting ethylene oxide with ethanolamine.
- Consumer Products: Found in surfactants, lubricants, and gas treatment chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Household Use: Used as a surfactant in laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, and surface cleaners.
- Industrial Use: Employed in industrial cleaners, emulsifiers, and dispersants.
- Agricultural Use: Found in pesticide and herbicide formulations as an emulsifier.
Where is Alcohol Ethoxylate Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by ethoxylating fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide.
- Consumer Products: Found in detergents, cleaners, and agricultural chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Agricultural Use: Used as a nitrogen-rich fertilizer to promote plant growth.
- Industrial Use: Employed in the production of explosives (e.g., ANFO – Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil) for mining and construction.
- Chemical Industry: Used as an oxidizing agent in chemical synthesis and wastewater treatment.
Where is Ammonium Nitrate 83% Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by neutralizing nitric acid with ammonia, followed by concentration to 83% for specific applications.
- Consumer Products: Found in fertilizers and explosives (regulated due to its potential for misuse).
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as an oxidizing agent in the production of printed circuit boards and metal etching.
Employed as a polymerization initiator in the manufacture of plastics and rubber. - Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in hair bleaching and dyeing formulations as an oxidizing agent.
- Environmental Use: Used in soil and groundwater remediation to degrade organic contaminants.
Where is Ammonium Persulfate Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the electrolysis of ammonium sulfate in the presence of sulfuric acid.
- Consumer Products: Found in hair care products, industrial etchants, and environmental remediation agents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a monomer in the production of specialty polymers and resins.
Acts as a co-monomer in the synthesis of plastics and elastomers. - Industrial Use: Used in the production of adhesives, coatings, and sealants.
- Consumer Products: Found in some specialty plastics and rubber products.
Where is AMS Found?
- Natural Sources: Not typically found in nature; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced through the dehydrogenation of cumene or as a byproduct of phenol production.
- Consumer Products: Present in certain plastics, adhesives, and coatings.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and cleaning agents.
Employed in wastewater treatment and as a pH adjuster in chemical processes. - Household Use: Found in some cleaning solutions and disinfectants.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a nitrogen source in fertilizers.
Where is Aqua Ammonia Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a solution of ammonia in water.
- Industrial Production: Produced by dissolving ammonia gas in water.
- Consumer Products: Found in cleaning solutions, fertilizers, and industrial chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a monomer in the production of specialty polymers and resins.
Acts as a co-monomer in the synthesis of plastics and elastomers. - Industrial Use: Used in the production of adhesives, coatings, and sealants.
- Consumer Products: Found in some specialty plastics and rubber products.
Where is AMS Found?
- Natural Sources: Not typically found in nature; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced through the dehydrogenation of cumene or as a byproduct of phenol production.
- Consumer Products: Present in certain plastics, adhesives, and coatings.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a high-boiling solvent in industrial coatings, enamels, and paints.
Employed in the production of printing inks and adhesives. - Chemical Industry: Used as a solvent in chemical synthesis and processing.
- Agricultural Use: Found in some pesticide and herbicide formulations.
Where is Aromatic 150 Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a petroleum-derived solvent.
- Industrial Production: Produced through the refining of petroleum or coal tar.
- Consumer Products: Found in industrial paints, coatings, and agricultural chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in diesel engines.
- Environmental Use: Employed in power plants and industrial facilities to control air pollution.
- Automotive Industry: Used in diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) systems for heavy-duty vehicles.
Where is AUS40 Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic solution.
- Industrial Production: Produced by dissolving urea in water to achieve a 40% concentration, typically for industrial SCR applications.
- Consumer Products: Found in diesel exhaust fluid systems and industrial emission control systems.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a weighting agent in drilling fluids for oil and gas exploration to control well pressure.
- Chemical Industry: Used as a filler in paints, coatings, and plastics to improve density and brightness.
- Medical Use: Used as a contrast agent in X-ray imaging (e.g., barium meals).
Where is Barite Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in sedimentary rock deposits as a mineral (baryte).
- Industrial Production: Mined from natural deposits and processed by grinding and purification.
- Consumer Products: Found in drilling muds, paints, and medical imaging agents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a monomer in the production of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethanes.
- Industrial Use: Employed as a solvent in the production of coatings, inks, and adhesives.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain drugs.
Where is BDO Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or the Reppe process using acetylene.
- Consumer Products: Found in plastics, coatings, and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a binding agent in foundry sands, drilling muds, and pelletizing iron ore.
Employed as a sealant in civil engineering (e.g., landfill liners, pond sealing). - Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in facial masks, creams, and toothpaste as a thickener and absorbent.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a soil conditioner and in animal feed as a binder.
Where is Bentonite (Treated) Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in volcanic ash deposits as a clay mineral.
- Industrial Production: Mined from natural deposits and treated with chemicals (e.g., sodium carbonate) to enhance properties like swelling or absorption.
- Consumer Products: Found in cosmetics, drilling muds, and agricultural products.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a precursor in the production of styrene, phenol, and other chemicals.
Employed in the synthesis of nylon, plastics, and synthetic rubber. - Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in the production of adhesives, paints, and coatings.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in the synthesis of some drugs and intermediates (though heavily regulated due to toxicity).
Where is Benzene Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in crude oil, gasoline, and volcanic emissions.
- Industrial Production: Produced through the refining of petroleum or as a byproduct of coal processing.
- Consumer Products: Present in trace amounts in gasoline, cigarette smoke, and some industrial products (regulated due to health risks).
Applications in Various Industries:
- Food Industry: Used as a preservative (e.g., sodium benzoate) in beverages, sauces, and processed foods.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in creams, lotions, and ointments as a preservative and pH adjuster.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in the synthesis of medications and as an antifungal agent.
Where is Benzoic Acid Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in some fruits (e.g., cranberries, plums) and tree resins.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the oxidation of toluene or the hydrolysis of benzotrichloride.
- Consumer Products: Found in food preservatives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Used as a preservative and fragrance ingredient in perfumes, lotions, and creams.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as a solvent and preservative in injectables and oral medications.
- Industrial Use: Employed as a solvent in paints, coatings, and inks.
Where is Benzyl Alcohol Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in some essential oils (e.g., jasmine, ylang-ylang).
- Industrial Production: Produced by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride or the reduction of benzaldehyde.
- Consumer Products: Found in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial solvents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Household Use: Used as a disinfectant and stain remover in laundry and surface cleaning.
- Industrial Use: Employed in water treatment, wastewater disinfection, and the bleaching of textiles and paper.
- Medical Use: Used as a disinfectant in healthcare facilities for surface sterilization.
Where is Bleach 12.5% Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic solution.
- Industrial Production: Produced by dissolving chlorine gas in a sodium hydroxide solution, resulting in a 12.5% sodium hypochlorite concentration.
- Consumer Products: Found in disinfectants, laundry bleach, and water treatment solutions.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used in the production of glass, ceramics, and flame retardants.
- Household Use: Found in antiseptics, insecticides, and cleaning agents.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a micronutrient in fertilizers.
Where is Boric Acid Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in certain minerals (e.g., borax) and geothermal springs.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the reaction of borax with a strong acid (e.g., sulfuric acid).
- Consumer Products: Found in antiseptics, insecticides, and fertilizers.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a monomer in the production of acrylic polymers and copolymers for coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
- Industrial Use: Employed in the manufacture of paints, textiles, and paper coatings.
- Consumer Products: Found in adhesives, caulks, and emulsion-based products.
Where is Butyl Acrylate Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the esterification of acrylic acid with butanol.
- Consumer Products: Found in paints, adhesives, and coatings.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a de-icing agent on roads and sidewalks to melt ice and snow.
Employed in dust control on unpaved roads and in concrete production to accelerate setting. - Food Industry: sed as a firming agent in canned vegetables and as a calcium supplement in food products.
- Chemical Industry: Used in the production of chemicals and as a desiccant for moisture control.
Where is Calcium Chloride Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in natural brines and mineral deposits.
- Industrial Production: Produced as a byproduct of the Solvay process or by reacting calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
- Consumer Products: Found in de-icing agents, food additives, and desiccants.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used in water treatment to neutralize acidity and remove impurities.
Employed in the production of cement, mortar, and plaster. - Food Industry: Used in food processing (e.g., nixtamalization of corn) and as a pH adjuster.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a soil amendment to raise pH and improve soil structure (agricultural lime).
Where is Calcium Hydroxide Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring in significant quantities; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by reacting calcium oxide (lime) with water (slaking process).
- Consumer Products: Found in construction materials, food products, and agricultural lime.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used in the production of cement, steel, and paper as a fluxing agent and pH adjuster.
Employed in water treatment to neutralize acidity and remove impurities. - Agricultural Use: Used as a soil amendment to raise pH and improve soil structure (agricultural lime).
- Chemical Industry: Used in the production of chemicals like calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
Where is Calcium Oxide Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring in significant quantities; it is derived from limestone.
- Industrial Production: Produced by heating limestone (calcium carbonate) in a kiln to release carbon dioxide.
- Consumer Products: Found in construction materials, agricultural lime, and industrial chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a lubricant in industrial machinery and as a raw material in the production of polyurethanes.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in lipsticks, moisturizers, and hair care products as a moisturizing agent.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as a laxative and in the formulation of certain medications.
Where is Castor Oil Found?
- Natural Sources: Extracted from the seeds of the castor plant (Ricinus communis).
- Industrial Production: Obtained through pressing and solvent extraction of castor seeds.
- Consumer Products: Found in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industrial lubricants.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used in the production of soaps, detergents, and cleaning agents as a strong alkali.
Employed in the manufacture of potassium carbonate, fertilizers, and batteries. - Food Industry: Used in food processing (e.g., chocolate and cocoa processing) and as a pH adjuster.
- Chemical Industry: Used in the production of chemicals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
Where is Caustic Potash Flake Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the electrolysis of potassium chloride solutions, followed by drying to form flakes.
- Consumer Products: Found in soaps, detergents, and food processing agents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used in the production of paper, textiles, and detergents as a strong alkali.
Employed in water treatment to neutralize acidity and in the manufacture of chemicals like sodium salts. - Food Industry: Used in food processing (e.g., olive curing, chocolate production) and as a pH adjuster.
- Household Use: Found in drain cleaners and oven cleaners as a strong degreaser.
Where is Caustic Soda Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the electrolysis of sodium chloride (brine) in the chlor-alkali process.
- Consumer Products: Found in detergents, drain cleaners, and food processing agents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Agricultural Use: Used as a feed additive for poultry, swine, and other livestock to promote growth and liver function.
- Industrial Use: Employed in the production of animal nutrition supplements and premixes.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in the synthesis of certain medications and as a source of choline in dietary supplements.
Where is Choline Chloride 75% Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in certain foods (e.g., eggs, liver) as part of phospholipids.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid, followed by dilution to 75% concentration.
- Consumer Products: Found in animal feed and dietary supplements.
Where is Citric Acid Found? Citric acid is a naturally occurring compound primarily found in citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruits. It’s responsible for the sour taste of these fruits. However, the citric acid used in industrial applications is typically produced through a fermentation process involving a specific type of mold.
What is Citric Acid Used For? Citric acid is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications. Some of its primary uses include:
- Food and Beverage Industry:
- As a flavoring agent to add a tangy taste to foods and drinks.
- As a preservative to extend the shelf life of products.
- As an acidity regulator to control pH levels.
- Cleaning Products:
- As a natural cleaning agent to remove stains and grime.
- As a chelating agent to bind metal ions and prevent mineral buildup.
- Pharmaceutical Industry:
- As an acidity regulator in medications.
- As a flavoring agent in syrups and other liquid medications.
- Cosmetics:
- As an exfoliating agent to remove dead skin cells.
- As a pH adjuster to balance skin’s natural acidity
Applications in Various Industries:
- Food Industry: Used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and preservative in beverages, candies, and processed foods (USP grade for food and pharmaceutical use).
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in shampoos, soaps, and creams as a pH adjuster and chelating agent.
- Industrial Use (Tech Grade): Used in cleaning agents, water treatment, and as a chelating agent in industrial processes.
Where is Citric Acid Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in citrus fruits (e.g., lemons, oranges).
- Industrial Production: Produced by the fermentation of sugars (e.g., molasses) using Aspergillus niger.
- Consumer Products: Found in food products, cosmetics, and cleaning solutions.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a raw material in the production of refined glycerin, soaps, and biofuels.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a feed additive for livestock.
- Chemical Industry: Employed in the production of chemicals like propylene glycol and epichlorohydrin.
Where is Crude Glycerin Found?
- Natural Sources: Produced as a byproduct of biodiesel production and soap manufacturing from animal fats or vegetable oils.
- Industrial Production: Obtained during the transesterification of triglycerides in biodiesel production.
- Consumer Products: Found in unrefined forms in industrial applications and animal feed.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a stabilizer for chlorine in swimming pools and hot tubs.
- Chemical Industry: Used as a precursor in the production of herbicides, disinfectants, and resins.
- Consumer Products: Found in pool maintenance products and some cleaning agents.
Where is Cyanuric Acid Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the thermal decomposition of urea or the hydrolysis of melamine.
- Consumer Products: Found in pool stabilizers and disinfectants.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of rubber accelerators and corrosion inhibitors.
- Industrial Use: Employed as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water treatment and oil refining.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a precursor in the synthesis of herbicides and pesticides.
Where is Cyclohexylamine Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the hydrogenation of aniline.
- Consumer Products: Found in corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, and agricultural products.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a blowing agent in the production of polyurethane foam insulation for refrigerators and construction.
- Chemical Industry: Used as a solvent in chemical synthesis and as an intermediate in the production of cyclopentene and other derivatives.
- Consumer Products: Found in some aerosol propellants and as a component in specialty fuels.
Where is Cyclopentane 95 Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in crude oil and natural gas.
- Industrial Production: Obtained through the fractional distillation of naphtha or the cracking of petroleum, followed by purification to 95% purity.
- Consumer Products: Found in polyurethane foam products and specialty fuels.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and cleaning agents due to its strong citrus scent and excellent solvency.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in fragrances, perfumes, and personal care products as a scent ingredient and skin conditioning agent.
- Household Use: Used in some cleaning solutions, air fresheners, and insect repellents.
Where is D-Limonene Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in the peels of citrus fruits (e.g., oranges, lemons) as the primary component of citrus oil.
- Industrial Production: Extracted from citrus peels through steam distillation or cold pressing.
- Consumer Products: Found in fragrances, cleaners, and personal care products.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and ink formulations.
Employed in the production of adhesives and cleaning agents. - Chemical Industry: Used as a co-solvent in chemical synthesis and as a plasticizer in resins.
- Environmental Use: Used in environmentally friendly paint strippers and cleaners.
Where is Dibasic Ester Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic mixture of esters.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the esterification of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., adipic, glutaric, succinic acids) with alcohols.
- Consumer Products: Found in paints, coatings, and cleaning solutions.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a surfactant in industrial cleaning agents and detergents.
- Household Use: Found in dishwashing liquids, laundry detergents, and surface cleaners.
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of sulfonated surfactants.
Where is DDBSA Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by sulfonating dodecylbenzene with sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide.
- Consumer Products: Found in detergents, cleaners, and industrial surfactants.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of surfactants, lubricants, and corrosion inhibitors.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in shampoos, soaps, and creams as an emulsifier and pH adjuster.
- Industrial Use: Employed in gas treatment processes to remove CO2 and H2S.
Where is DEA Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by reacting ethylene oxide with ammonia.
- Consumer Products: Found in surfactants, personal care products, and gas treatment chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Automotive Industry: Used as a reducing agent in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in diesel engines.
- Environmental Use: Employed in power plants and industrial facilities to control air pollution.
- Industrial Use: Used in heavy-duty vehicles and off-road equipment to comply with emission standards.
Where is DEF Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic solution.
- Industrial Production: Produced by dissolving urea in deionized water to achieve a 32.5% concentration, meeting ISO 22241 standards.
- Consumer Products: Found in diesel exhaust fluid systems for vehicles and industrial emission control.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in the production of resins, inks, and adhesives.
Employed as a humectant in the manufacture of tobacco, paper, and cork. - Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of polyester resins and polyurethane.
- Consumer Products: Found in antifreeze formulations, brake fluids, and some cleaning agents.
Where is DEG Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced as a byproduct of ethylene glycol production through the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide.
- Consumer Products: Found in antifreeze, brake fluids, and industrial solvents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and lacquers.
Employed in the production of hydraulic fluids and cleaning agents. - Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, such as mesityl oxide.
- Consumer Products: Found in some cleaning solutions and industrial solvents.
Where is Diacetone Alcohol Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the aldol condensation of acetone in the presence of a base.
- Consumer Products: Found in paints, coatings, and cleaning solutions.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a curing agent in epoxy resins and as a flame retardant in textiles and plastics.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor in soil.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain medications, such as metformin.
Where is Dicyandiamide Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the dimerization of cyanamide or the reaction of calcium cyanamide with carbon dioxide.
- Consumer Products: Found in fertilizers, epoxy resins, and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and rubber accelerators.
- Industrial Use: Employed as a corrosion inhibitor in oil refining and boiler water treatment.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a precursor in the synthesis of pesticides and herbicides.
Where is Dicyclohexylamine Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the hydrogenation of aniline or cyclohexylamine.
- Consumer Products: Found in corrosion inhibitors, rubber chemicals, and agricultural products.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in the production of cellulose acetate, resins, and waxes.
Employed in the extraction of organic compounds in chemical processes. - Pharmaceutical Industry: Historically used as an anesthetic, though largely replaced by safer alternatives; still used in some laboratory applications.
- Chemical Industry: Used as a starting material in the synthesis of other chemicals, such as ethyl halides.
Where is Diethyl Ether Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the dehydration of ethanol using sulfuric acid or by the vapor-phase reaction of ethanol with a catalyst.
- Consumer Products: Found in some laboratory solvents and specialty chemical formulations (use is limited due to its high flammability and volatility).
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of surfactants, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in shampoos, soaps, and creams as an emulsifier and pH adjuster.
- Industrial Use: Employed in gas treatment processes to remove CO2 and H2S.
Where is DIPA Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by reacting propylene oxide with ammonia.
- Consumer Products: Found in surfactants, personal care products, and gas treatment chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and epoxy curing agents.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in some hair care products as a conditioning agent.
- Industrial Use: Employed in the production of fuel additives and lubricants.
Where is DMAPA Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by reacting dimethylamine with acrylonitrile, followed by hydrogenation.
- Consumer Products: Found in surfactants, personal care products, and industrial additives.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a methylating agent and in the production of polycarbonates and polyurethanes.
- Industrial Use: Employed as a solvent in paints, coatings, and adhesives.
- Environmental Use: Used as a low-toxicity, biodegradable solvent in cleaning and degreasing applications.
Where is DMC Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide or phosgene.
- Consumer Products: Found in paints, adhesives, and environmentally friendly solvents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a sulfiding agent in oil refineries to activate catalysts in hydrotreating processes.
- Agricultural Use: Used as a soil fumigant and pesticide to control nematodes and fungi.
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of fine chemicals and as a flavoring agent in food (in trace amounts).
Where is DMDS Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in certain plants (e.g., garlic, onions) and as a byproduct of microbial activity.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the reaction of methanol with hydrogen sulfide or by the oxidation of methyl mercaptan.
- Consumer Products: Found in soil fumigants and industrial chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and pharmaceuticals.
- Industrial Use: Employed as a pH adjuster and neutralizing agent in water-based coatings and paints.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in some personal care products as an emulsifier or pH adjuster.
Where is DMEA Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by reacting dimethylamine with ethylene oxide.
- Consumer Products: Found in surfactants, coatings, and personal care products.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as a plasticizer in the production of flexible PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products.
- Industrial Use: Employed in the manufacture of cables, flooring, and automotive parts.
- Consumer Products: Found in toys, medical devices, and food packaging films.
Where is DOTP Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the esterification of terephthalic acid with 2-ethylhexanol.
- Consumer Products: Found in flexible PVC products and packaging materials.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a heat transfer fluid in HVAC systems, food processing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing due to its low toxicity.
- Food Industry: Used in food and beverage cooling systems where incidental food contact may occur.
- Consumer Products: Found in some antifreeze and de-icing formulations for food-related applications.
Where is Dowfrost 35% Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic solution.
- Industrial Production: Produced by blending propylene glycol with water and corrosion inhibitors to achieve a 35% concentration, meeting food-grade standards.
- Consumer Products: Found in heat transfer fluids and antifreeze for food processing.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in the production of coatings, paints, and inks.
Employed as a humectant in the manufacture of printing inks and cosmetics. - Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in fragrances, lotions, and creams as a solvent and stabilizer.
- Consumer Products: Found in some cleaning agents and hydraulic fluids.
Where is DPG Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the hydration of propylene oxide, forming a mixture of isomers.
- Consumer Products: Found in cosmetics, fragrances, and industrial solvents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and printing inks.
Employed in the formulation of cleaners and degreasers. - Chemical Industry: Used as a coalescing agent in water-based coatings.
- Consumer Products: Found in some household cleaners and industrial solvents.
Where is DPM Acetate Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the esterification of dipropylene glycol methyl ether with acetic acid.
- Consumer Products: Found in paints, coatings, and cleaning solutions.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a chelating agent in water treatment, cleaning agents, and detergents.
- Cosmetic and Personal Care: Found in shampoos, soaps, and creams as a stabilizer and preservative.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in chelation therapy and as a stabilizer in medications.
Where is EDTA Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the reaction of ethylenediamine with sodium cyanide and formaldehyde, followed by acidification.
- Consumer Products: Found in detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a low-cost source of glycols in the production of antifreeze, de-icing fluids, and industrial solvents.
- Chemical Industry: Employed as a raw material in the synthesis of polyester resins and other chemicals.
- Consumer Products: Found in some low-grade antifreeze and industrial formulations.
Where is EG Flasher Bottoms Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a byproduct of industrial processes.
- Industrial Production: Obtained as a heavy residue during the distillation of ethylene glycol in the production process.
- Consumer Products: Found in low-grade antifreeze and industrial chemicals.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a fuel additive to enhance octane ratings and reduce emissions in gasoline.
- Chemical Industry: Used as a solvent in some chemical processes due to its low water solubility and high volatility.
- Environmental Use: Employed as an oxygenate in reformulated gasoline to improve combustion efficiency.
Where is ETBE Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the reaction of ethanol with isobutylene in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- Consumer Products: Found in gasoline blends as a fuel additive.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and inks.
- Food and Beverage Industry: Found in alcoholic beverages and as a food-grade solvent.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used as a disinfectant and in the production of medications.
Where is Ethanol Found?
- Natural Sources: Produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the fermentation of biomass or the hydration of ethylene.
- Consumer Products: Found in alcoholic beverages, disinfectants, and industrial solvents.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Industrial Use: Used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and adhesives.
Employed in the production of printing inks and nail polish removers. - Food Industry: Used as a flavoring agent and in the decaffeination of coffee and tea.
- Consumer Products: Found in nail polish removers, glues, and food flavorings.
Where is Ethyl Acetate Found?
- Natural Sources: Found in trace amounts in fruits and fermented products.
- Industrial Production: Produced by the esterification of ethanol with acetic acid.
- Consumer Products: Found in coatings, adhesives, and food flavorings.
Applications in Various Industries:
- Chemical Industry: Used as an intermediate in the production of chelating agents, surfactants, and polymers.
- Industrial Use: Employed in the production of resins, adhesives, and textile chemicals.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Used in the synthesis of certain drugs and intermediates.
Where is Ethylenediamine Found?
- Natural Sources: Not naturally occurring; it is a synthetic compound.
- Industrial Production: Produced by reacting ethylene dichloride with ammonia.
- Consumer Products: Found in resins, adhesives, and pharmaceutical intermediates.